RL for LLMs - from softmax to GRPO

After learning about RL for LLMs in research papers, some nice youtube playlists and reading some amazing blogs, I also wanted to write one, which can introduce RL for LLMs for someone who already knows LLMs, and one which I can refer anytime as a refresher. I have tried to build this blog right from softmax all the way to GRPO, and also tried to show calculations on a five-token toy example(which I will skip in one of the sections). ...

August 1, 2026 · 39 min